CNA153 End-Of-Life Care in The Intensive Care Unit Assignment Sample

• Subject Code : CNA153
• University : University of Tasmania My Assignment Services is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university.
• Subject Name : Nursing

Foundations for Professional Practice

Table of Contents

Inquiry reflection.

Introduction.

What?.

So What ?.

Now What?.

Conclusion.

References.

Introduction to Foundations for Professional Practice

Healthcare ethics are very important to be comprehended as it can help in reducing the ethical and moral dilemmas later in treating healthcare users. The chosen situation refers to the early save program in context to the attempts of resuscitation as well as health care system improvements for healthcare usersin a health care facility. Driscoll Model of Reflection will be used to present the entire study. The thesis statement in this case is to comprehend the importance of the chosen early save program and its importance to the healthcare users.

What?

Resuscitation is the process that helps the physiological disorder to function properly in healthcare users, such as shortness of breath and a weak heartbeat. In this context, it can be stated that prior to the introduction of the program referring to (pre), the death rate associated with the healthcare users was high unable to make even after resuscitation. This depicts the inability of the emergency team tounderstand the symptoms in advance. Subsequent to the program’sintroduction, the death’s numberas represented is due to those patients who lead to an inability to make it with the decreasing resuscitation. Due to the first aid of the emergency medical team, it has dropped below 10%. It is also true that the number of treatment teams has increased given that the beginningassociated withan early save program is required at an early stage (Watchman et al. 2016).

Here, it can be stated that ethical practices pertaining to healthcare are very important. This particular situation addresses 4 basic principle ethics, beneficence, autonomy, non-malefiencience, as well as justice.All these are considered to be effective in determining the activities led by healthcare professionals. For example, beneficence adheres to the following moral rules or obligations: it protects and defends the rights of others, prevents harm from happening to others, removes conditions that will subject harm, helps individuals with disabilities, and saves individuals in danger.

Ethical complexities or ethical dilemmas were very common in this context as the healthcare professionals did not understand the significance of the situation. The principle of non-maleficence holds that there is aresponsibility not to impose harm on others which states to not kill, to not cause suffering or pain and not injure and not to cause offense. In addition, just after the start of the early save program it was found to be a decrease inthe code blue healthcare usersin the post early save (Wachterman et al. 2016).

So What ?

Early acknowledgment of the signs and symptoms of the healthcare user is very important to avoid ethical complexities or ethical issues. It can be conferred that healthcare users moved to the ICU was far above the ground in pre-early save the program and there was decrease aftermath at the beginning of post early save the program. This results in early detection of issues amongst the healthcare users leading to a lesser amount of negligence on the part of my medical emergency support team. In addition, increasing the number of medical teamsalso helps in avoiding negligence. Not only this it addresses the concerns of the healthcare usersthroughearly detection, and eventually includes early medication before the worsening of the symptoms. This aspect can be related to the ethical principle of justice and non-maleficence (Morris, Chawla& Francis, 2019).The principle of justice holds responsible healthcare professionals and providers to fairly distribute benefits, risks, resources, and costs.

Ethical dilemmas and complexities often arise if proper supervision is not comprehended from the end of healthcare specialists or providers. To avoid ethical dilemmas and adhere to the principles of ethical practice it is important to cater to proper supervision to the healthcare users. Afterthe implementation of an early save program, allhealthcare users were treated efficiently. Itled to an attentive medical emergency team, and healthcare users were admitted inwardsthat reduce the healthcare user’snumber shifted to an ICU. This situation avoided the ethical complexities that used to happen earlier (Olding et al., 2016).

The government of Australia initiated NSQHSthat ensures safe and quality endorsed care with assistance from jurisdictions. Itleads to an extensive organizationalalong with individual health care professionalsproviding healthcare to the users. In this context, as subjected by standard 9 aproper and well-timed care to the deteriorating healthcare users (safetyandquality.gov.au, 2020).

The main goal ensures healthcare user’s early detection of the health issues and addresses any deterioration that this value is applied to adult and adolescent healthcare users receiving intensive care. In this context, in accordance with Vincent& Lederman, (2017), post the establishment of an early save programthe standard 9 (NSQHS) has been watching the whereabouts of the hospitals. For example, it has been subjected that the figure of the medical emergency team was greater than before that is from 160 to 360.This makes sure that healthcare user’sissues are detected at an early stage reducing the risk of further health worsening through the right kind of medical intervention made by associated medical teams. In my opinion, the requirements of the health care users are subjected as with the necessary attention. Furthermore, there has been a reduction in code blue of the healthcare users from 140-60 in a pre early and post early save program respectively. There has been a considerable amount of decreasein the death rate dueto resuscitation in context to a post-early-program as compared to the scenarios prior to the program as the healthcare users’critical condition was detected at an early stage with a prompt response from the medical team (Kon et al. 2016).

Now What?

Ethical awareness is very important to comprehend as without being aware of the code of ethics, many mishaps can occur resulting in the breach of duty of care. Any negligence or omission in the discharge of the duties of a medical practitioner or provider is called medical negligence. Negligence in treatment occurs when physicians fail to provide medical services which in turn can cause an injury or even death to healthcare users (Morris, Chawla & Francis, 2019). It can also include the right kind of contract breach associated with the health care professional’sconsidering the services catered by them to healthcare users.Another ethical dilemma in this context of the situation is the participation of relatives(Kisorio & Langley, 2016). In the presence of the parents or relatives Resuscitation is considered to be a controversial practice. As in most cases, not many hospital's parents in the past have generally try to get involved with the parents in this process. It is especially I am involved in an adult resuscitation.With a new trends appearance, there has been an escalationof pressure from family members and healthcare users. Even as observed by me some hospitals include a family member throughout the procedure. In this case, consent also plays an important part(Hockenberry& Wilson, 2018). If the healthcare users at that point cannot give consent, the relatives or the family members can give consent. Informed consent to treatment is the principle that everyone must give their consent before any type of treatment or examination can be done. For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary, informed, and the consenting person must have the power to make decisions. Consent may be given orally or in writing depending on the treatment offered.

 I think it will be effective in this regard to involving family members in context to the healthcare users’ resuscitation so that they can come to terms with maybe the last moments with the family members in case he or she passes on (Cooper et al. 2016). Extensive research in this regard subjects that it involving relatives or family members in the process can help the hospital authority or the healthcare professionals in dealing with ethical standards. 

This aspect is not only thought effective in ethical grounds but also morally. It is because it has been comprehended by Olding et al. (2016) that family members would like to spendtheir ending moments with the patient. Eventually during the continuation of this process, if the patient dies, they are in an opinion that they were able to spend the ending moment with the healthcare users. Apart from this, I think that this process helps the family members in the process ofreducing any type of suspicion. As they are now involved in a process that normally is subjectedto happen behind the closed door. It also refers to the trying of some unrealistic effort to revive the patient that was. As stated by Connor (2017) family members should be allowed to attend the resuscitation process as per the wish of the healthcare users and it also will remove any dilemma of the family members about the hospital authority and care standards. As stated by Cooper et al. (2016), In a minor’s case, most children who need resuscitation love their parent’s presence due tothe showcasing of tenderness and loving affection toward them. Moreover, it is instrumental in helping the family member in the process of doubtsremoval in regards to the patient’s condition and ensures on our part that everything possible in medical terms is carried out (Giles, de Lacey & Muir‐Cochrane, 2016).

Conclusion on Foundations for Professional Practice

Ethics are important in healthcare as we are always trying to do the right thing- it is the foundation of Medicine. I believe that ethics has a great deal of relevance to health care professionals. Every situation in healthcare is important and no situation can be overlooked (Bertman, 2016). This particular situation as mentioned by me in context to anearly save program associated with resuscitation’s improvement considering the health care system used to treat thehealthcare users in a health care facilityand is very important to identify. There are many healthcare users who do not get primary treatment on reaching the hospital which makes their health condition worse. Maintaining legal and ethical aspects in healthcare is very important to stay away from a breach in the duty of care (Morris,Chawla& Francis, 2019).

References for Foundations for Professional Practice

Bertman, S. L. (2016). Facing death: images, insights, and interventions: a handbook for educators, healthcare professionals, and counselors. Taylor & Francis.

Connor, S. R. (2017). Hospice and palliative care: The essential guide. Taylor & Francis.

Cooper, Z., Koritsanszky, L. A., Cauley, C. E., Frydman, J. L., Bernacki, R. E., Mosenthal, A. C., ... & Block, S. D. (2016). Recommendations for best communication practices to facilitate goal-concordant care for seriously ill older patients with emergency surgical conditions. Annals of Surgery, 263(1), 1-6.

Giles, T., de Lacey, S., & Muir‐Cochrane, E. (2016). Factors influencing decision‐making around family presence during resuscitation: a grounded theory study. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(11), 2706-2717.

Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2018). Wong's nursing care of infants and children-E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Kisorio, L. C., & Langley, G. C. (2016). End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Family experiences. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 35, 57-65.

Kon, A. A., Davidson, J. E., Morrison, W., Danis, M., & White, D. B. (2016).Shared decision-making in intensive care units.Executive summary of the American College of Critical Care Medicine and American Thoracic Society policy statement.

Morris, C., Chawla, G., & Francis, T. (2019). Clinical negligence: duty and breach. British dental journal, 226(9), 647-648.

Olding, M., McMillan, S. E., Reeves, S., Schmitt, M. H., Puntillo, K., &Kitto, S. (2016). Patient and family involvement in adult critical and intensive care settings: a scoping review. Health Expectations, 19(6), 1183-1202.

safetyandquality.gov.au (2020), The NSQHS Standards, from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/standards/nsqhs-standards [Retrieved On 2nd August 2020]

Vincent, C., & Lederman, Z. (2017). Family presence during resuscitation: extending ethical norms from pediatrics to adults. Journal of medical ethics, 43(10), 676-678.

Wachterman, M. W., Pilver, C., Smith, D., Ersek, M., Lipsitz, S. R., & Keating, N. L. (2016). Quality of end-of-life care provided to patients with different serious illnesses. JAMA internal medicine, 176(8), 1095-1102.

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