Public Health Action and Evaluation

Introduction to Public Health Advocacy

The main purpose of the essay is to discuss the importance of public advocacy in terms of dealing with the people of the First Nation. This discussion would be in the context of creating a plan as well as measuring a health intervention in terms of the health of the public. Also, the essay will focus on making use of the behavioral change models and with the application of community growth perspective. Additionally, the essay will focus on generating a logic-based debate in terms of the awareness of the problems faced by the individuals living in the First Nation among the different health care workers.

Behavioural Change Theory & Community-Based Approach ( First Nation People)

The health of the public is located at the crossway of some important societal, politics-based, economy-based as well as the culture-oriented impact on the society. In this context if the perspective of the public health is to generate a setting, wherein the individuals can lead a healthy life, then in order to attain the concerned objectives, it would be important to frequently adopt the controversial procedure of mixing different subjects (Mew et al. 2017). The subject includes scientific studies, politics and advocacy, in terms of the importance of the society as well as in terms of the areas of interest of the people. Considering the above, it can be said that any kind of a conflict related to the health of the public are handled both in the political as well as in the developmental contexts. Thus, in order to enhance the quality of the public health, it is significant to have a high level of dedication to propagate for bringing changes in its strategies that assists in the growth of the settings that will lead to better health conditions.

In order to educate the First Nation people of Australia, regarding the benefits of a healthy life style, a public advocacy enterprise known as the ANTAR was developed (Conner et al. 2017). They key idea of the concerned non-profit organization was to transform the behaviours of the non-aboriginal people of the country to ensure that the entitlement as well as the culture of the aboriginal group is given due amount of respect in the country. (Garcia et al. 2016).

They key purpose of the ANTAR was to convince the different governing bodies by means of propagating as well as persuading them to demonstrate an authentic form of leadership. Moreover, it also concentrates on convincing the government to create a various party dedication towards the indigenous people of Australia along with the Torres Strait Islander’s problems related to the government made strategies (Ball et al. 2015). This is a community-based perspective that concentrate towards creating a lawful as well ethical identification of the indigenous people living in the country of Australia. Furthermore, they even work towards generating a respectful position for the indigenous people, they also strive towards providing them with an unique set of identification and give them the name of the First Nation people. Moreover, it is significant for the healthcare professionals to include measures in their intervention measures that will boost the identity of the indigenous group of people living in Australia and make them aware of the important measures they should take to improve their health and wellbeing.

According to the Social Cognitive model by Bandura, it can be said that an individual is not motivated by the intensity of their instincts, but they are motivated by various different extrinsic conditions (Jull et al. 2017). Through this theory the performance of an individual can be elucidated with the help of a three-fold communication of attitudes, individual as well as settings-oriented conditions. It is frequently referred to as the supplementary determinants. Furthermore, the environment-based conditions depict conditional impacts as well as the settings in which a particular development is being executed whereas the personally-oriented conditions consists of the inner-feelings of an individual, motivations, attributes along with more personal drivers. There are several developments which rely on the process of human understanding and the shift in attitudes. Thus in the context of working with the First Nation people, the social cognitive model can be applied due to its multifarious simple format wherein, the perspective of self-capacity operates in presentation with the physiological objectives, result anticipation and the obtained environment-oriented deterrents along with the providers of norms for motivating an individual as well as their wellness.

Also, the concerned perspective takes into consideration the society-based reasons of wellbeing along with personally-oriented reasons. Thus, it is important to include the First Nation individuals in the different kinds of explorations so that they can be well-informed about their standard of living and the way in which it is creating an influence on their wellbeing. By engaging in the process of exploration they will know the negative lifestyle which they would be needed to transform to improve their health. Through the application of this model sufficient amounts of understanding in relation to the threat posed to their wellness can be explained. According to the Social Cognitive model if the personal efficiency of an individual is required to be improved, like that of the First Nation people, it is essential to provide them with the necessary materials and also assist in the process of increasing their self-esteem. While it has also been determined that the shift in behavior of an individual can be achieved by adopting a range of procedures. Furthermore, it has also been stated by Bandura that those people who have a high level of self-effectiveness will not have the desire to execute an act if they don’t get any kind of rewards (Sasakamoose et al. 2016). Hence, also in the context of the First Nation people if the settings in which they are living is molded, it might bring about a transformation in their behavior. They should be offered with prospects for bringing a change in their behavior, they should be helped in terms of adopting these transformations and even social assistance should be offered to them.

Another behavioral change theory, that can be used in this context, is the Theory of Planned Behavior, according to which the attitude of an individual is based on their willingness to embrace that particular attitude (Conner, 2020). Through this theory, the willingness of an individual has been portrayed as a significant component in the direction of anticipating any shift in attitudes. Moreover, the concerned concept is frequently connected to driving forces in the life of an individual. In this context, the healthcare practitioners should take appropriate steps to share information with the First Nation people that will assist in the process of creating a favorable mind-set on their part. Furthermore, it is important for an individual to have confidence that they will be able to execute a particular set of attitudes (Smith et al. 2018).

Hence, if the First Nation people are taking part in the research activities, they will be able to reframe their beliefs and also, they will develop an intention that they are required to bring a change in their lifestyle which in turn will create a positive impact on their health. The healthcare practitioners can make use of this model to apprehend and anticipate the attitudes of the First Nation people. In this way it can be depicted that the attitude of an individual is directly identified by means of attitude related willingness as well as in certain situations (Coff et al. 2019). In this way the feasibility of the First Nation people in the society as well as in the surrounding in which they are living can be anticipated as well as be handled. Moreover, the First Nation should clearly be aware of the damages their lifestyle can create on their health on the basis of which they can bring about a change in their attitude.

Both the behavioural change model can be effectively used in the context of the First Nation individuals. It is through this model that the First Nation people could be motivated to bring about a slight transformation in their standard of living that can contribute towards help them the benefits of a healthy living. Thus, if an individual has the basic idea about an illness and is aware of the techniques to combat against the disease, he or she would willingly bring change in the standard of his living (Davis, 2015).

According to the creation of the FNHA(First Nation People Health Authority), it has been determined that the understanding level as well as the choices of a particular community has played a vital part in terms of reframing the health care platform (Xia et al. 2015). Therefore, taking part in society-oriented research is considered to be a dynamic way through which the aboriginal people take part in doing the research and they can even frame their exploration in a way such that the regulation will have an immediate influence in their lives. This is determined to be very much important both for the people conducting the research as well as for the materials explored (Kwasnicka et al. 2016)). This consists of the potential to encompass knowledge among the leaders, in the process of making resolutions, skill development and more types of expertise that emerges from the concerned procedures. This showcases as well as is important for the importance of the localized population and the application of exploration in the form of mechanism for developing self-esteem among the indigenous population. Thus, in the context of preparing an intervention by the healthcare professionals, the concept of public advocacy should be taking into consideration to raise a high level of awareness among the people.

The aboriginal exploration perspective are raised by means of the requirements and approaches of the society that is frequently conducted by the Aboriginal education as well as the group itself. This latest technique of exploration has been started off by the collaboration of the regulating body, academics as well as by the indigenous member of the society. Also, by giving importance to the viewpoints of those at the bottom level, the commitment of such collaborative assignments is dependent on the exploration perspectives that authorizes a particular community to achieve their objectives of gaining confidence within themselves (Boateng et al. 2016). Bio-medicine is one such intrusion, that emerges from the exploration activities and is considered to be significant as well as vital for creating as well as keeping a track on any kind of illness to which the Aboriginal population is prone to (Montaño et al. 2015).

However, the requirement to identify, evaluate and implement the norms of self-regulations is considered to be a basic determining factor of the wellness of the society that can’t be restrained. Furthermore, the exploration perspective that concentrates highly on the association as well as integration proves to be significant techniques through which the Aboriginal population can take part in purposeful activities (Beauchamp et al. 2019). Also, it plays a significant part in terms of integrating their special expertise, stories of their past and their visions in the direction of developing health regulations for the people. In this context even public advocacy plays an important role, in terms of educating the people of the First Nation about the different elements they would be requiring to lead a health life style.

Conclusion on Public Health Advocacy

Through this essay it can be concluded that both social cognitive theory as well as theory of planned behavior is significant to bring changes in the health conditions of the people of the First Nation in Australia. Also, a community-based perspective adopted by the government of Australia has contributed to a great extent towards educating the First Nation people on the benefits of leading a healthy life. Moreover, they are motivated to understand that if they are modifying their life style even to a slight extent they will be able to lead a healthy life.Furthermore, enabling them to take part in the process of research will make them aware of the different health related issues and they themself can bring change in their attitudes. Also, it is significant for them to understand they are participating in certain useful activities which will motivate them to bring change in their attitude. Thus, public advocacy plays a vital role in bringing change in the behavior of the people of the First Nation.

References for Public Health Advocacy

Ball, K., 2015. Traversing myths and mountains: addressing socioeconomic inequities in the promotion of nutrition and physical activity behaviours. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity12(1), pp.1-7. Retrieved from https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-015-0303-4

Beauchamp, M.R., Crawford, K.L. and Jackson, B., 2019. Social cognitive theory and physical activity: Mechanisms of behavior change, critique, and legacy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise42, pp.110-117. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029218305132

Boateng, H., Adam, D.R., Okoye, A.F. and Anning-Dorson, T., 2016. Assessing the determinants of internet banking adoption intentions: A social cognitive theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior65, pp.468-478. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563216306446

Coff, K. and Lampert, J., 2019, April. Mentoring as two-way learning: An Australian First Nations/non-Indigenous collaboration. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 4, p. 24). Frontiers. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2019.00024/full

Conner, M., 2020. Theory of planned behavior. Handbook of Sport Psychology, p.3. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sSnfDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=theory+of+planned+behavior&ots=AoEFYLSl4R&sig=oyO3tZ-A6C57rWfy16dNJn6BJ1Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=theory%20of%20planned%20behavior&f=false

Conner, M. and Norman, P., 2017. Health behaviour: Current issues and challenges. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08870446.2017.1336240

Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L. and Michie, S., 2015. Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social and behavioural sciences: a scoping review. Health psychology review9(3), pp.323-344. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2014.941722

https://pced.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/pced/article/view/62

Kwasnicka, D., Dombrowski, S.U., White, M. and Sniehotta, F., 2016. Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: a systematic review of behaviour theories. Health psychology review10(3), pp.277-296. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2016.1151372

Garcia, A.L., Reardon, R., McDonald, M. and Vargas-Garcia, E.J., 2016. Community interventions to improve cooking skills and their effects on confidence and eating behaviour. Current nutrition reports5(4), pp.315-322. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13668-016-0185-3

Montaño, D.E. and Kasprzyk, D., 2015. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. Health behavior: Theory, research and practice70(4), p.231. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9BQWCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA95&dq=theory+of+planned+behavior&ots=edQ67itL54&sig=HfVjadyqUjF_VeXRLqNd7uKUf90&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=theory%20of%20planned%20behavior&f=false

Sasakamoose, J., Scerbe, A., Wenaus, I. and Scandrett, A., 2016. First Nation and Métis youth perspectives of health: An Indigenous qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry22(8), pp.636-650. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077800416629695

Smith, D.E. and Hunt, J., 2018. Building Indigenous community governance in Australia: preliminary research findings. Canberra, ACT: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR), The Australian National University. Retrieved from https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/145656

Jull, J., Giles, A. and Graham, I.D., 2017. Community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation: advancing the co-creation of knowledge. Implementation Science12(1), p.150. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13012-017-0696-3

Xia, B., Chen, Q., Skitmore, M., Zuo, J. and Li, M., 2015. Comparison of sustainable community rating tools in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production109, pp.84-91. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652615011051

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