Research Methods for Engineers Assignment Sample

• Subject Name : Engineering

Study and Investigate Technique to Store Renewable Energy Using Compressor Air Storage System

Project Summary:

There are various experiment, innovative approach and exposure effort done in area of renewable energy generation and use that energy source rather than utilize conventional fossil fuel. The fossil fuel resources are limited and increasing demand in routine life. the price of fossil fuel increases as well as it affect the ecosystem also. Therefore, it is essential to found alternative which can replace fossil fuel and ensure permanent solution for long term energy demand. the renewable energy system such as solar, wind, ocean, biogas and tidal are eligible to replace fossil fuel. There are potential limitation in terms of storage of energy and utilize in future as fossil fuel price high and demand increases considerably.

There are potential energy storage systems available which can provide portal energy source for short term. But, that storage technique can’t ensure long term storage. The compressed air storage energy can replace and store energy for long term and may not harm ecosystem. The research objective is to discuss about design and analysis of existing research and project plan of “compressed air storage system” and feasibility by considering renewable source of energy. the article provides the details about existing technique but it is not applicable for each nation. The research aim is to design and analysis of “compressed air energy storage” device installed near to Austria. In this case, the ocean energy source is suitable for produce energy and store near to ocean area. the project proposal provides the feasible design and analysis aspect of CAES system.

Keywords: compressed air storage system, finite element analysis, renewable energy sources.

Introduction:

Background:

The urbanization, industries development and advance life style demands more energy as compare to previous two to three decades. The fossil fuel such as coal, Natural gas, Nuclear energy, petrol, oil and conventional source of energy may become major issues to survive for routine life. the conventional source of energy can replace by renewable energy source such as solar, wind turbine, tidal, ocean energy, biogas etc. the renewable energy system are available in various range, it was critical to store that energy for long time and utilize when it actually demand arise or shortage of fossil fuel occur.

Therefore, it is essential to investigate “energy storage device” which can store renewable energy and deliver when it actual require Alami, A.et.al.(2017). Additionally, it is high variable of weather or climate dependent renewable energy resource; the energy storage system has collected much attention and essential to establish technique for renewable energy storage. In this case, the compressed air energy system is promising technology which satisfied requirement and ensure renewable energy can store for long time. in 1978, compressed air storage system was design and installed at Huntoft, Germany.

The CAES system is provide economic cost arrangement for storing system at low energy demand and utilize same energy when shortage of energy occurs. These techniques are socio-economic benefit and market support for expansion. Additionally, the energy can use on large scale and possible energy discharge immediately. From the research, it is possible to store 50 to 400 MW power from CAES system and deliver through conventional turbine generator arrangement. The technique neither harms to environment nor creating toxic carbon based gas.

The research and investigation arise due to lack of storage system available which can store energy for long time. Previously, there are various devices developed for energy storage system, for instance, “Lithium-ion” battery for grid applications, electrochemical capacitors, flywheel for energy storage, “Ni-cad” battery, and superconducting magnetic energy storage system. This devices and technique was not able to store energy in Megawatts or in large volume. To overcome these issues and storing energy in large size, the compressed air energy storage system is promising and suitable for storing renewable energy Baqari, F. (2013).

Aim and Objectives

“Investigate technique to store renewable energy using compressor air storage system” in Australia.

Objectives:

• To collect and analysis of current techniques available for storage of renewable energy.

• To simulate the compressed air storage system and feasible study at desirable location.

• To research and study about possible renewable energy can store in to air compressor and utilize in future.

• To analysis the impact on sustainability project, environment issues and carbon-emission effect

• To identifying potential risk associate with compressed air storage system, recommendation adaption and mitigation option for renewable energy system.

Research Questions:

• What are existing compressed air storage system establish for store energy?

• Which techniques are suitable for design and analysis of CAES system?

• What are potential risk associate with the CAES system?

• Is government and authorized organization shows interest for development of CAES system in Australia?

• Which are suitable renewable energy operation system suitable for operate CAES system?

• Is finite element analysis provides reliable and acceptable design solution?

• What are major drawback to design and installation of complete system ?

Methodology:

The project research performs by mainly three techniques by considering engineering principles. The research is conduct by using fundamental engineering principles, law, derived equation and suitable engineering methods. Secondly, the research and analysis conduct through computational method in which the project geometry prepare and establish physical environment identical same as it require to perform, and obtain results Bugade, V.(2017). Lastly, prepare physical prototypes of project and perform laboratory experiment in order to test the feasibility of project. In this case, the fundamental engineering concept and computational software application uses to test feasibility of CAES system.

Objective 1 will accomplish though surveying, literature review, journal articles and public review. It will benefit to study about the current system available and potential success that ensure desirable outcome. From the research and survey, the first “compressed air energy storage system” was established in Huntorf, Germany in 1978 that promisingly provide 290 MW. The plant was developing by using grid load, which store the electricity by pressurized air when the energy demand was low at night Khedari, J.(2003). The demand was maximum the compressed air was released to electricity with economical cost. Apart from this, there is promising technique available for energy storage.

That includes Energy storage system by battery, energy storage system by flywheel, pumped hydro storage system, super capacitor energy storage system, superconducting magnetic energy storage system etc. These are suitable for storing energy and make portable device, possible to transport along with storing devices, manage different size and shape as per requirement of energy output. But, the current air storage system may not store energy in large size. That will possible through CAES system and store energy in megawatts. This technique will assist to expand to use renewable energy for routine life, industrial application and more research for energy storage. It is possible to generate renewable energy at offshore and onshore system, but there are constraints for store energy in large volume. 

Objective 2 will accomplish by using computational method and CAE (Computer aided engineering) software. The working principle of CAES system is follows thermodynamic law and “Gas turbine cycle” where the input shaft of the gas turbine system is couple with the “renewable energy production system Koohi-Kamali, S.(2013). For instance, the ocean energy produces and transfers to “Gas turbine cycle”. The ocean turbine output shaft is couple with the “Gas turbine system” and this system couple with “compressed air storage system. The storage tank should safe and not having environment effect. The energy storage system must able to resist external force, able to collect air as storage energy and transfer. It is desire to install the storage tank into ocean place only for easy construction, installation, energy transfer and energy collect.

In order to design and install the energy storage device or storage tank, it is require performing experiment by considering ocean fluid flow position and force magnitude toward energy storage tank. In this case, the CAD geometry of desirable size storage tank construct, assign material properties (concrete and reinforced steel bar) to system. The storage system geometry requires performing simulation in order to obtain design parameters such as velocity, pressure and temperature distribution over the storage tank. For this, the finite element analysis is suitable technique to obtain desirable result and provide precise result. The computational simulation performs using ANSYS software and obtains the storage system suitability at desirable location, orientation by considering fluid flow of water. the computational result suggest that the storage system design is feasible or not by considering behavior of fluid or water passed toward system.

Objective 3 will accomplish by literature review, recent experimental study, and survey and data collection technique. As discussed in previous case, the CAES system is possible to installed near tidal energy production or ocean energy production. but, there are other alternatives to store energy at onshore place. According to research and study, till now, there were two compressed air storage system was design and develop Zhang, Y. et.al.(2013). The German based CAES system and US based hybrid power plant which establish in 1991. Both the system was design by referring off-peak energy storage concept for air compressor and use natural gas in the air compressed during power development phase. These sources are not onshore installation, it will possible to install offshore wind farm and storage energy from offshore wind turbine system. Similarly, it will possible to store energy from tidal and ocean renewable energy generating system.

According to research, the Iowa storage energy park will be establish and use aquifer storage system rather than utilize cavern storage system. It notice that the displacement of the water in the aquifer result in directive of the air pressure through the constant hydrostatic pressure of the water. The power output range is approximate 2 to 300 MW. Further, there are additional aspect which are under the development in North Ohio. The range of the project and power output approximate 2700 MW that was establishing in 2009.

Additionally, the RICAS2020 project declare to use the abandoned mine for the adiabatic CAES in order to heat recovery. In this case, the compression heat is stored in the tunnel area which fixed with loosen stone; therefore the compressed air is considerable cool when the entire main pressure storage chamber Samadi-Boroujeni, H.(2019). The cool compressed air regains the heat stored in the stone when free back through the surface turbine that will release high amount of power and increase overall efficiency. It conduct two stage process which obtain efficiency around 70%

Objective 4 will accomplish by the research study, articles, internet resource and journal of renewable energy resources. The air compressed storage system is engage with the renewable energy system. The power input and output both are responsible from renewable resources. The emission occurs in combustion chamber and to compressed air in order to store energy into tank. Overall, the entire process extract less environment issues element such as toxic gas, heat, pollution and other chemical as by product Venkataramani, G.et.al.(2016).Therefore, there is less chance to getting ecosystem, surrounding and natural aspects of energy. The project planning will be sustainable as considering application and advance feature. In recent time, it was less experiment and study conduct in order to store energy. It will necessary for future time, therefore the project outcome will sustainable by considering practical aspects.

Objective 5 will accomplish through literature review and potential strategy to overcome risk associate with the project. The risk assessment and mitigation plan can obtain through theoretical aspect and experimental aspect as well. By considering theoretical aspect, it is require conducting analysis of past ten to twenty years of research based on renewable energy production and energy storing devices. From this, segregate potential risk associate with the project and prepare action plan to overcome those risk Zhang, Y.et.al.(2013). Additionally, it highlight from literature survey that there are risk for installation of air storage system for large scale of power storage system. it will design risk, material selection risk, leakage risk, poor performance risk and installation risk. These are potential risk require to identify and prepare risk mitigation plan using project management techniques.

Dissemination of findings:

The research project is publishing through national journal and state publications. It can publish through national, state and international conference of professional. The research paper can publish to local community and distributor, distribution through guide, DVDs and flayers. The research article can share details on website blogs, social media and research organization and organization websites.

Estimated project timeline:

References

Alami, A., Aokal, K., Abed, J. and Alhemyari, M., 2017. Low pressure, modular compressed air energy storage (CAES) system for wind energy storage applications. Renewable Energy, 106, pp.201-211.

Baqari, F. and Vahidi, B., 2013. Small-compressed air energy storage system integrated with induction generator for metropolises: A case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, pp.365-370.

Bugade, V., 2017. Optimal Power Flow Approach for Cognitive and Reliable Operation of Distributed Generation as Smart Grid. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 08(03), pp.87-98.

Khedari, J., Rawangkul, R., Chimchavee, W., Hirunlabh, J. and Watanasungsuit, A., 2003. Feasibility study of using agriculture waste as desiccant for air conditioning system. Renewable Energy, 28(10), pp.1617-1628.

Koohi-Kamali, S., Tyagi, V., Rahim, N., Panwar, N. and Mokhlis, H., 2013. Emergence of energy storage technologies as the solution for reliable operation of smart power systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, pp.135-165.

Samadi-Boroujeni, H., Altaee, A., Khabbaz, H. and Zhou, J., 2019. Application of buoyancy-power generator for compressed air energy storage using a fluid–air displacement system. Journal of Energy Storage, 26, p.100926.

Venkataramani, G., Parankusam, P., Ramalingam, V. and Wang, J., 2016. A review on compressed air energy storage – A pathway for smart grid and polygeneration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, pp.895-907.

Zhang, Y., Yang, K., Li, X. and Xu, J., 2013. The thermodynamic effect of air storage chamber model on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System. Renewable Energy, 57, pp.469-478.

Zhang, Y., Yang, K., Li, X. and Xu, J., 2013. The thermodynamic effect of thermal energy storage on compressed air energy storage system. Renewable Energy, 50, pp.227-235.

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