Rural Development Assignment Sample

• Subject Name : Development

Compare and Contrast the Meanings of Rural Development in Africa and Asia - Question 4

Worldwide, rural areas have experienced major shifts. Such developments influence not only land but rather agricultural infrastructure and economic social and environmental stability. Issues around the world: nutritional shortages, rapid population development, clean energy, climate change, vary from place to place (Barlett 2016). Concerning the specific potentialities and complications in every area, the components of rural development planning vary from region to region. Such components help to define the basic components which encourage and restrict the possibilities for creation and the interaction amongst them (Mellor 2014). This study describes the importance of Africa and Asia's rural growth.

Rural regions are geographical zones which are situated beyond the towns or counties. In or surrounded by rural areas, are hamlets, farms, towns and other small settlements (Little 1999). Rural regions are exposed to a large range of lands with little to not many residences or houses. The population density in rural areas is lower than in the city.

Rural growth typically applies to how people who reside in fairly remote and scanty-populated rural areas better themselves and their economies. It aims to improve the well-being of rural people through sustained rural economic development. It requires overall economic growth to boost economic people's quality of life. It is the product of various physical, technical, environmental, social-cultural, and structural factors as a phenomenon (Pain and Hansen 2019). As a field, it reflects an intersection of agricultural, educational, behavioral, and science administration in a multidisciplinary manner.

Rural growth is often a physical, emotional, and cultural element, not only an economic proposition. The principle is both multi-dimensional and multi-directional. Rural growth is thus a system aimed at enhancing the circumstances of rural deprived socio-economic life (Morss et al. 2019). This aims to lift their standard of civilization and to channel their rich practices. It aims at raising agricultural production and profitability, growing socio-economic equity, and rising the agricultural poor's quality of living. It is partly strengthened and partly established. Growth is associated with beneficiaries' inspiration, creativity, and active involvement. The value of better food supply and safety, and of fundamental services such as health, shelter, education and increased connectivity that will lead significantly to improved production in rural poor communities, are recognized in rural growth. Besides, it seeks to provide earnings so that rural peoples can make their mites contribute to the national product as well. Rural growth means a more systematic use of established services, including infrastructure building, for example, roads and irrigation networks, the implementation of modern manufacturing techniques, reviving conventional crafts, and developing different forms of organizations and institutions (Rose and Sundararaman 2020).

The modernization theory is a new rural development approach that represents a policy model that aims to focus less on primary rural production and more on innovation and diversification (Adeyemi et al. 2020). This approach does not resemble the traditional rural development approach. The model calls for a more inclusive and efficient rural development focused on the participation of different local actors in the cycle of growth as politicians and on a more creative and coordinated outcome of the existing development outcomes.

With time, the African farmers and agricultural production have developed from a general strategy adopted by governments and donors (Chigbu 2013). The strategy has developed from promoting technological transitions to drip growth into a holistic approach to rural development by stressing poverty mitigation and concentrating on improving rural areas. Once the lack of efficacy of organized rural development strategy was questioned, market liberalization was supplemented by systemic reform policies, which culminated in a significant reduction in direct assistance to agriculture and rural growth, through donors or governments. From the mid-1980s, both governments and the donor group, including the World Bank, were neglecting the agriculture field, which was the largest single donor in the industry. A survey by the World Bank on the sector's assistance indicates "bilateral and multilateral funding to African agriculture by development donors decreased by around half from $1,921 million in 1981 to $997 million in 2001 (OECD 2010).

A broad and systematic definition of rural production. G. Shah describes rural growth as agricultural production, also as industrial development, with the extension of irrigation systems, energy extension, the enhancement of farming technologies, the design and supply of school buildings, health care, and more (Amhad et al. 2017). Africa is becoming gradually evident from the Asian series in which the Green

Revolution is contributing to higher agricultural profits, human capital savings, sustainable non-farms production, and poverty reduction.

Emerging economies are growing rapidly and acquiring an increased share of the world economy in developing countries. Nothing is understood, however, about the fundamental dynamics of how such markets have developed in the early stages, for stimulating the growth of the whole economy (Estudillo et al. 2019). Following the direction of Asia, the African robust agriculture sector is expected to fuel non-farm sector production, contributing inevitably to rapid economic growth for the entire region. Agricultural developments could represent the first critical step in Asia, as happened some half a century ago, towards sustained revenue growth and poverty reduction since Africa is still in an early stage of development and population pressure. Smalls commercial farms would boost the production growth of large-scale jobs, non-tradable rural non-farm industries, which would result in substantial deprivation declines correlated with quickly increasing small-scale farming (Estudillo et al. 2019).

As the historically conceived nature of rural growth can be shown, which is the product of a separate perception of what 'rural' entails on the one side and 'development' on the other, it may be attempted to investigate the importance of rural growth by splitting into two specific entities the idea of rural creation which is worthy of research. It can be concluded that there are many similarities and differences in the meanings as perceived by Africa and Asia. Nevertheless, it is the very premise of the importance of growth that the conclusion will never be found that strongly disputes the principle of rural development. The reason that the researchers are still affected by their social, cultural, space, and epistemic environments, as they think of these phenomena as rural and rural growth in general, is the reality that they struggle to draw an agreement on what progress in general or rural development in particular means.

References for Rural Development

Adeyemi, R.A., Jedin, M.H., Subhan, M. and Arif, N.A. 2020. Privatization Policy and Rural Development: An Assessment of Power Holding Company of Nigeria in Ijumu Local Government of Kogi State. Journal of International Studies, vol.13, pp.85-96.

Ahmad, T., Shah, G.M., Ahmad, F., Partap, U. and Ahmad, S, 2017. Impact of apiculture on the household income of rural poor in mountains of Chitral District in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), vol. 6, no.3, pp.518-531.

Barlett, P.F. ed. 2016. Agricultural decision making: Anthropological contributions to rural development. United States: Academic Press.

Chigbu, U.E. 2013. Rurality as a choice: Towards ruralising rural areas in sub-Saharan African countries. Development Southern Africa, vol. 30, no.6, pp.812-825.

Estudillo, J.P., Cureg, E.F. and Otsuka, K. 2019. Transformation of rural economies in Asia and Africa. In Paths to the Emerging State in Asia and Africa (pp. 219-251). Springer, Singapore.

Little, J. 1999. Otherness, representation and the cultural construction of rurality. Progress in Human Geography, vol. 23, no.3, pp.437-442.

Mellor, J.W. 2014. High rural population density Africa–What are the growth requirements and who participates? Food Policy, vol. 48, pp.66-75.

Morss, E.R., Hatch, J.K., Mickelwait, D.R. and Sweet, C.F. 2019. Strategies for Small Farmer Development: An Empirical Study of Rural Development Projects in the Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Bolivia, Columbia, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru. United States: Routledge.

OECD. 2010. What do we know about multilateral aid? [Online]. Available at http://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/13_03_18%20Policy%20Briefing%20on%20Multilateral%20Aid.pdf. [ Accessed on 23rd June 2020].

Pain, A. and Hansen, K. 2019. Rural development. United Kingdom: Routledge.

Rose, A. and Sundararaman, V. 2020. Critical Analysis of Rural Development as A Creative Way of Living. Studies in Indian Place Names, vol. 40, no.71, pp.308-315.

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