The Fallacy of Composition Assignment Sample

• Subject Name : Nursing

Whether the Wearing of Masks Should Be Mandatory or Not Population?

Standardization

The statement submitted by Dr. Rick Dagless presented the argument that is against the mandatory use of the mask in the public. Rick has presented all the different aspect that can be used to justify stopping the mandatory use of the mask in public. The statement started by blaming the government to do not force the public to use something and the public can decide for their own followed by the lack of proper use of a mask that can further increase the risk for the infection due to continuous face touching. The other arguments that are presented in the statement include wearing mask increases the risky behaviour of the population followed by the lack of supply should also be considered while mandatory use of the mask. The last aspect added by Rick is the discomfort of the population should also be considered while providing a guideline for mandatory use of the mask. The counter-argument presented by Dr. Lucien Sanchez by adding that there is an urgent need to switch to the mandatory use of the mark in public to reduce the chances major spread of the infection at the community level. Lucien presented different argument and discussed that some individuals against the use of mask are spreading fake news about the ineffective of the mask. The statement also presented wearing mask is not infringing freedom but it is our social responsibility to do the right things. The statement presented the argument that how mask reduced the transmission of the droplets that reduced the risk for the transmission. The statement also presented the argument about the early recovery in different countries where the masks are mandatory and the need to switch to this approach to improve the community setting.

Analysis of The Fallacy of Composition

The argument presented by Dr. Rick Dagless used the deductive approach for presenting the information related to the utility of mask in the public. The author has analysed some of the statement and reasoning of the other authors to provide the conclusion that is logical as per the findings. One of the studies presented by Young et al. (2019) discussed that the deductive approach is qualitative data approach and it uses the predetermined theory to evaluate the different aspect to reach up to the conclusion. It uses a different aspect to construct the argument and support the argument to present the conclusion. The statement presented by Dr. Rick Dagless provide evidence in against the mandatory mask use and provide the evidence about the lack of proper use of a mask by health care professionals. The statement also added the U.S. data that indicate the gap in the supply and demand of the mask that needs to be considered while mandatory use of the mask in the public. Moreover, the study presented by Li et al. (2020) discussed that there has been an on-going debate over the use of the mask in the public and there is the different perspective of the researcher over it. The researcher also added that solely mask cannot able to reduce the risk for the transmission of the infection but social distancing is also important to decrease the chances of acquiring the infection. The strength of the statement is that it has presented all against the argument that includes individuals, government and public perspective. The statement has provided information about the negative aspect of the mandatory use of the mask in public by correlating with the different evidence related to the topic.

Another statement provided by Dr. Lucien Sanchez also used the deductive approach to put forward the argument in the favour of the mandatory use of the mask in public. Lucien has presented the argument by adding evidence from different researchers to present the need to switch to the use of a face mask in the public. According to Oaksford (2019), deductive approach develops the hypothesis by evaluating the different evidence to accurately conclude the research question. The different evidence is evaluated to correlates things that are important to summarize the main point of the study that are related to the researcher question. Lucien Sanchez presented the statement in favour of the use of the mask in the public to decrease the risk for the transmission of the infection and they have also discussed the different evidence to support the argument. The author presented that the current controlled condition related to the COVID-19 does not mean that there is no need to implement the mandatory use of the mask in public. The author also added evidence that indicates that mandatory use of the mask is like decreasing freedom of the individual and they added that wearing the mask is social responsibility not an infringement of the freedom. The author in the statement discussed the importance of mask in public by discussing the utility and reduction in the transmission. The statement also presented the reduced rate of the COVID cases in the country where the use of mask has become mandatory in the public setting. One of the studies presented Eikenberry et al. (2020) added that mask is one of the important tools that can be used by the general public to be safe and reduced the risk for the transmission of the infection to the other individual. The article added that the benefits that are linked with the use of the mask are justifiable concerning the cost of the mask thus there is need to increase the use of the mask in the public setting to decrease complication. The strength of the statement is the author has presented both negative and positive argument related to the use of mask and also added the author perspective related to the topic. The statement has discussed the negative presentation of the mask used in the public and also discussed the author perspective related to the mandatory use of marks in public. Both of the statement used the deductive approach and presented the evidence in the favour of their argument to strongly present their viewpoint in the statement.

Different notable fallacies have been observed in the statement and these are related to decreasing the accuracy of the argument. One of the notable fallacies that have been identified in both the statement presented by Dr. Rick Dagless and Dr. Lucien Sanchez that is a hasty generalization as they have presented the very vague information which can lead to the concluding the researcher that is not effective to the general population. One of the studies presented by Muniz (2019) added that hasty generalization sometimes disrupts the argument as the study evaluated a sample predict result about the generalized population which can lead to poor results. Another fallacy that can be identified in both of the statement is ad populum because both of the statements are trying to convince the reader to agree in for or against the mandatory use of the mask others presented that it is right or wrong. The statements have evaluated small section to understand the utilization of the mask but the findings are generalized which lead to the hampered results. 

One of the studies presented by Finocchiaro, M. A. (2015) state that ad populum is the appeal to popularity and it indicates that argument should present the views of the popular chunk of the society that should be favoured by the reader. The fallacy indicates that the authority concerning the topic or the issue is generated by the size of the supporters, not by the right evidence or practicality. The statements also tried to present the idea of the major population to convince the reader about the presented thought process. Both of the fallacies in the statement are expected to decrease the accuracy of the results as both of the methods increases the chances of the error in the results.

The tone of both of the statement is pessimistic as both the statement has presented the evidence that indicates that use of or not use of mask lead to the negative impact over the population. Both of the statement presented the negative perspective of the topic thus they both presented the pessimistic tone in the writing. According to Aull (2015), there is different tone of argument that is used in the argumentative writing and one of the styles is pessimistic style. Pessimistic style is the argument type in which a negative perspective is presented concerning the topic of the research. The negative thought process of the argumentative writing leads to the pessimistic style which can lead to a negative impact over the reader.

The languages in both of the statement are non-formal as they have used different aspect of non-formal in the statement. Both of the states have used the non-formal language and used different terminology that does not use in the formal writing style of the argumentative form. The study presented by Hinton, (2019) added that different languages can be used in argumentative writing and one of them is the non-formal language that can be used by the author to present the argument. The argumentative writing requires more of the formal language to present the views of the different author in as non-formal language distort the structure of the writing. The non-formal language of the argumentative writing indicates that sometimes it distorts the structure of the written piece.

Recommendation on The Fallacy of Composition

Both of the argument presented their preferences concerning the topic and also added the right evidence that is added to improve the justification. The arguments have added all the relevant information’s that are important to understand for and against the side of the mandatory use of the mask in the public setting. The future recommendation can be to frame the guideline that can help in mandatory use of the mask in the public to improve the health of the community. The stronger argument presented by Dr Lucien Sanchez as the author has presented both of the views of the topic and put forward the stronger points in the favour of the mandatory use of the mask in the public. The statement presented by Dr Lucien Sanchez has accurately justified the wrong perspective of the other individual by presenting the evidence to support the mandatory use of the mask in public. All the arguments of the statement are supported by the relevant evidence to present the realistic view of the topic that can be considered while improving the protection strategies against COVID19. Mayor Dean Learner can re-evaluate both of the statement to understand both of the perceptive that are important to decrease the transmission of the COVID-19 in a public setting. The analyses of both of the statement will help Mayor Dean Learner to understand the preferences toward the Dr. Lucien Sanchez statement in improving the community health by decrease transmission of the COVID-19 in the community. Mayor Dean Learner should also consider the comparative aspect of both of the statement to understand the gap in both of the study to prefer the more suitable statement.

References for The Fallacy of Composition

Aull, L. 2015. Connecting writing and language in assessment: Examining style, tone, and argument in the U.S. Common Core standards and in exemplary student writing. Assessing Writing, vol. 24, pp. 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2015.03.002 

Eikenberry, S. E., Mancuso, M., Iboi, E., Phan, T., Eikenberry, K., Kuang, Y. and Gumel, A. B. 2020. To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious Disease Modelling, vol.5, pp. 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001

Finocchiaro, M. A. 2015. The fallacy of composition: Guiding concepts, historical cases, and research problems. Journal of Applied Logic, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 24–43.

Hinton, M. 2019. Language and argument: A review of the field. Research in Language, vol. 17, no.1. https://doi.org/10.2478/rela-2019-0007

Li, T., Liu, Y., Li, M., Qian, X. and Dai, S. Y. 2020. Mask or no mask for COVID-19: A public health and market study. PLOS ONE, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237691

Lucien Sanchez. (2020). Hibbert & Riviera Surgery, Retrieved from: https://www.digiversal.info/portal/upload/2020/10/20201020092742AM-216480963-3830129-895609716_CLT73510.pdf

Muniz, M. 2019. Hasty generalization. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119165811

Oaksford, M. 2015. Imaging deductive reasoning and the new paradigm. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00101 

Rick Dagless. (2020). Zoidberg’s Medical Practice. Retrieved from: https://www.digiversal.info/portal/upload/2020/10/20201020092742AM-448029142-3830129-727189993_CLT73510.pdf

Young, M., Varpio, L., Uijtdehaage, S. and Paradis, E. 2019. The spectrum of inductive and deductive research approaches using quantitative and qualitative data. Academic Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 1. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/acm.0000000000003101 

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